PV industry knowledge

June 4 this year, the European Commission announced that from June 6 to August 6 against Chinese PV products of 11.8% imposed provisional anti-dumping duty, if the two sides failed to reach the August 6 solution, the tax rate will rise to 47.6%. As the world's largest producer of photovoltaic products, China in recent years encountered unprecedented difficulties, the Chinese PV industry in the end how is it? Our PV products and photovoltaic industry and know how much?
The so-called photovoltaic industry, namely the use of the best ways to make photovoltaic solar energy conversion, is the use of the photovoltaic effect, so that the sun shines silicon material to produce direct current electricity. Silicon Materials application development the formation of the industrial chain called "photovoltaic industry," including high-purity polysilicon production, solar cell production, solar cell module production, manufacturing, and other related production equipment.

A reading inexhaustible solar energy resources

Solar energy is an abundant, clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy. From our exploitable resource contains point of view, can be directly used on Earth is about 2.1 trillion kilowatts of solar energy, just 1% of that is the development of 210 million kilowatts. To a great extent, on Earth's hydro, wind, biomass and fossil fuels are derived from solar energy. Solar photovoltaic power generation does not require more of additional land, roof, walls can become a place of its application, but also the use of our vast deserts, through the construction of solar power in the desert base, but also can directly reduce the direct desert to the surface solar radiation, effectively reduce the surface temperature, reduce evaporation. China's western regions, the existing desertified land area of ​​over 100 square kilometers, rich in solar energy resources are mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest regions, assuming that these desertified land of 1% is used to install grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems, according to the current conservative 100Wp / m2 technical level calculation, capacity can be up to 10 million kilowatts.

Based around the amount of solar radiation received, the case of solar energy resources can be divided into five regions. Solar energy is the most resource-rich areas of western Tibet, the annual sunshine hours of 2900 to 3400 hours, only to the Sahara Desert the world's No. 2; solar energy with the least resources in Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places (five regions) , the annual sunshine hours of 1000 to 1400 hours; Hunan belong to four regions, annual sunshine hours 1400 to 2200 hours, the annual total radiation 3600MJ/m2-4200MJ/m2 between.

B how solar energy is converted into electrical energy?

Solar energy is through the "photovoltaic effect" (ie, the photovoltaic effect) into electrical energy. Photovoltaic effect refers to the non-uniform illumination of semiconductor and metal semiconductor or a combination of a potential difference between different parts of the phenomenon, by the photons (light) into electrons, light energy into electrical energy. Crystalline silicon solar cell is a silicon diode, when the sun light irradiated by the P-type and N-type conductivity type two different homogeneous semiconductor material of the PN junction, in certain conditions, the solar radiation is of semiconductor material absorption in the conduction band and the valence band to produce non-equilibrium carriers being electrons and holes, thereby forming an open circuit voltage in the light, when the lead electrodes on both sides thereof and connected to the load, there is "photocurrent" flow-through, Solar Panels on the realization of the power output to the load.

What is crystalline silicon solar cells made of?
Crystalline silicon solar cell with high conversion rates initial, single crystal silicon solar cell has a conversion rate of 17% to 20%, silicon solar cells are 15% to 17%. Crystalline silicon solar cell preparation process as shown below:

C magical film solar cells

In addition to crystalline silicon solar cells, as technology advances, more and more magical solar cell is gradually developed, and solar energy can do the same with a large area imaging film, transparent or colored, soft, and other features. Thin film solar cells including amorphous silicon thin film solar cells, compound semiconductor solar cell (gallium arsenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfide, etc.), dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells.
1 amorphous silicon thin film solar cell
Amorphous silicon solar cell (a-Si solar cell) is a form of elemental silicon, generally by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method enables high purity silane gas decomposition deposits formed. Amorphous silicon solar cell is deposited on a glass substrate a transparent conductive film, followed by deposition of plasma reaction with p-type, i-type, n-type layer a-Si, followed by aluminum vapor-deposited metal electrode (Al). Incident light from the glass surface, the battery current from the transparent conductive film and the aluminum leads.
Amorphous silicon thin film solar cell is deposited in the form of a thin film of amorphous silicon the conductive carrier such as glass or stainless steel are formed on the solar cell, it has a high light absorption coefficient, better low-light performance and high temperature performance, it thin (less crystalline silicon solar cells 1/100), materials and manufacturing cost is low, and can a large area film, suitable for industrial scale continuous production. Using double-sided glass package is ideal for thin-film solar cell photovoltaic glass curtain wall materials, which can generate electricity, and light, beautiful, therefore, including photovoltaic glass curtain wall, including a thin film solar cell combined with the construction, is the amorphous silicon thin film solar cells important direction of development.
2 copper indium gallium selenide and cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells
In addition to amorphous silicon thin film solar cells, there is currently a wider application of CIGS thin film solar cells (CIGS), cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells (CdTe). Cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells because of cadmium toxicity, harm to the environment restricts its development; copper indium gallium selenide can be coated on a flexible substrate, made of large format color and transparency CIGS thin film solar cells directly integrated in one building in order to be applied to energy generation glass curtain wall buildings, the market has great potential, copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells are expected to become the future mainstream of the development direction of the battery.

D Let PV into every household - BIPV

Let PV ordinary people into the family, both energy conservation and building a moderately prosperous society in an important measure for China PV industry's efforts to get rid of the current predicament direction, the PV and architecture combine (ie BIPV) is the future photovoltaic applications The most important development directions.
BIPV solar PV is installed in the square outer surface of the building envelope to provide electricity, can be divided into two categories: one category is a combination of photovoltaic array and architecture, and the other is a photovoltaic array and architectural integration. Combined with the construction of the photovoltaic array is a common form, because the combination of photovoltaic array and architecture does not take up extra floor space photovoltaic power generation system is widely used in the city's best installation methods; photovoltaic array and architecture BIPV integration is an advanced form of PV modules PV power not only to meet the functional requirements of the building while also taking into account the basic functional requirements. BIPV as a huge potential market and the construction of the photovoltaic market integration point, and its development prospects.

June 7 this year, Premier Li Keqiang visits Xingtai PV companies, said that in addition to stabilize the international PV market, it is important to start the domestic market, digestive capacity. Countries have developed policies to promote photovoltaic power generation, including the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation unit of the community to encourage families to use PV installations, to photovoltaic electricity subsidies, tax incentives, the grid for the photovoltaic power generation and network convenience. China as the world's largest producer of photovoltaic products, their domestic PV application market still in its infancy, has huge market potential and development opportunities, China's solar PV industry and will usher in a better tomorrow.